As seasons shift, patients often present with a familiar set of symptoms: sneezing, congestion, fatigue, and coughing. But are these signs of influenza—or allergic rhinitis? The overlap in clinical presentation often leads to misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatments, and prolonged recovery.
Understanding the distinctions and shared pathways between influenza and allergies is essential for effective prevention and management—both in the clinic and at home.
Flu vs. Allergies: What’s the Difference?
|
Symptom |
Influenza |
Allergic Rhinitis |
|
Onset |
Sudden |
Gradual / seasonal |
|
Fever |
Common (38°C or higher) |
Rare |
|
Fatigue |
Severe, persistent |
Mild or absent |
|
Itchy eyes/nose |
Rare |
Very common |
|
Nasal congestion |
Common |
Common |
|
Cough |
Dry, can become productive |
Often post-nasal drip |
While influenza is caused by viral infection (influenza A or B), allergies are IgE-mediated immune responses to environmental antigens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Despite this, both conditions can co-exist and exacerbate one another, particularly in individuals with compromised nasal or respiratory health.
When to Refer
-
Refractory or worsening symptoms despite treatment
-
Suspected secondary bacterial infection
-
Presence of nasal polyps, deviated septum, or chronic sinusitis
-
Consider ENT or allergy/immunology referral for diagnostic clarification and advanced therapy
While allergies and flu have distinct pathologies, they often collide during seasonal transitions—disrupting daily function and quality of life. A proactive, multi-modal approach rooted in prevention, patient education, and mucosal care can dramatically improve outcomes.